Frequently Asked Questions About Toenail Fungus

Toenail fungus (onychomycosis) is caused by dermatophyte fungi, yeasts, or molds. It thrives in warm, moist environments such as locker rooms, swimming pools, and sweaty shoes. The infection can spread from person to person or from one nail to another.

Nail salons and pedicures also pose a risk, especially if instruments and water basins are not properly sanitized between clients. Additionally, if nail polish brushes are reused or a large selection of polishes is shared without proper hygiene, cross-contamination can occur, allowing the fungus to transfer from one person to another.

Common symptoms include:

• • Thickened, brittle, or crumbly nails

  • Yellow, white, or brown discolouration

  • Debris under the nail

  • Nail separation from the nail bed

  • Sometimes pain or a foul odour

Diagnosis is typically made by a chiropodist or foot specialist through a physical examination. Sometimes a sample of the nail is sent to a lab for confirmation and to identify the specific type of fungus

Treatment options include:

• • Topical antifungal medications: Creams, lacquers, or solutions applied directly to the nail.

  • Oral antifungal medications: Pills prescribed for more severe or persistent cases; require monitoring for side effects.

  • Laser therapy: A modern, safe, and effective option that targets the fungus in the nail.

  • Nail debridement: Professional thinning and cleaning of the nail to improve treatment effectiveness.

  • Surgical nail removal: Occasionally recommended for severe or unresponsive cases.

Oral medications are usually more effective, but topical treatments are safer for mild cases or those who cannot take oral drugs.

Treatment can last several months. Oral medications are typically prescribed for 6–12 weeks, but it may take 4–12 months for a healthy nail to fully grow out. Topical treatments require daily use for up to a year.

Toenails grow about 1.6 millimeters per month, much slower than fingernails. It usually takes 12 to 18 months for a toenail to fully regrow. Factors such as age, sex, season, and overall health can influence this rate, but the average remains consistent across most healthy adults

To prevent toenail fungus:

• • Keep feet clean and dry

  • Change socks regularly

  • Wear breathable shoes

  • Avoid walking barefoot in public places

  • Don’t share nail clippers or towels

  • Disinfect pedicure tools and avoid non-sterile salons

Yes, toenail fungus is contagious. It can spread through direct contact or by sharing personal items like shoes or nail clippers. It is also possible to catch it from contaminated surfaces in public areas.

If left untreated, toenail fungus can cause:

• • Pain and discomfort

  • Permanent nail damage or loss

  • Spread to other nails or skin

  • Secondary bacterial infections, especially in people with diabetes

• • Toenail fungus can recur in up to 40% of cases, especially if preventive steps are not followed or if underlying risk factors (like athlete’s foot) are present.

A chiropodist offers expert diagnosis and advanced treatment for toenail fungus. Unlike home remedies, a chiropodist can confirm the cause, provide effective prescription or proper foot care, and help prevent complications or recurrence. Professional care ensures faster, safer results and healthier feet.